“Hwabyeong,” a condition unique to Korea, encompasses various mental and physical symptoms resulting from chronic or unresolved stress. While some international experts classify it as a form of anger syndrome, hwabyeong is widely recognized as a distinctly Korean phenomenon.
Traditionally associated with middle-aged women due to Confucian values and patriarchal norms, hwabyeong now affects individuals across all demographics. The rise of a hyper-competitive culture and widening economic disparities have contributed to its prevalence. When symptoms interfere with daily life, professional intervention may be necessary.
Mental health experts reported 10 that hwabyeong stems from long-suppressed anger and injustice. Symptoms include chest tightness, heart palpitations, headaches, and insomnia. In severe cases, patients may be diagnosed with adjustment disorders, anxiety, or depression, sometimes requiring hospitalization.
Dr. Yoon Ji Ae, a psychiatrist at Daejeon Eulji University Medical Center, stated that individuals with hwabyeong often display heightened irritability, struggle with anger management, and experience anxiety-induced insomnia. They may also exhibit frequent, unexplained sighing and depressive symptoms.
Dr. Yoon explained that overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system can lead to excessive stress hormone production, which manifests in physical symptoms. In extreme cases, chronic anger may increase the risk of cardiovascular issues such as hypertension or stroke.
Hwabyeong is rooted in feelings of injustice and frustration, often triggered by significant stressors. It has been linked to cultural norms emphasizing emotional restraint while paradoxically fostering explosive temperaments.
In Korea’s hierarchical society, many individuals find it difficult to express their thoughts or opinions openly, whether to work with superiors or close family members. This tendency to internalize emotions often leads to silent suffering.
Dr. Kim Jong Woo, a specialist in traditional Korean medicine at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdon, noted that many patients cite major life stressors such as academic pressure, job-seeking, marriage, or unemployment as triggers. However, he emphasized that anger is a universal emotion, not exclusive to Korean culture.
While self-management of anger is ideal, it does not mean suppression. Dr. Kim stated that when expressing anger, individuals should aim to communicate their emotions clearly without being overwhelmed.
If symptoms such as chest tightness, heat sensations, headaches, or insomnia significantly disrupt daily life, seeking professional help promptly is crucial. Treatment may include antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and psychotherapy. Traditional Korean medicine offers alternatives such as acupuncture, herbal remedies, moxibustion, and specialized mental health therapies.
Given the strong connection between anger and physical symptoms, addressing bodily discomfort can aid in anger management. Meditation is an effective tool, helping individuals focus attention and temporarily detach from overwhelming emotions and thoughts.
Dr. Yoon emphasized that meditation is not reserved for experts. Simple acts like focusing on one’s breath or mindfully engaging in daily activities such as dishwashing or teeth brushing can serve as forms of meditation.
While acceptance and forgiveness are ideal coping mechanisms, they are often challenging. Dr. Yoon suggested that even considering meditation is a positive step toward managing stress and anger.
Dr. Kim recommended walking as a therapeutic approach to hwabyeong. The goal is physical exercise and a mental reset—stepping away from daily stressors to recharge emotionally.
Developing specific strategies for managing anger-inducing situations is recommended, including identifying safe spaces, supportive individuals, and calming activities. Addressing daily conflicts promptly can help prevent the accumulation of anger before sleep.