Recent reports confirm that North Korean forces have violated the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) 11 times over the past year. This activity is likely linked to Kim Jong Un’s December 2023 directive, which called for increased border fortification and military operations along the frontlines.
Data submitted to the South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) by Kang Dae Shik of the People Power Party reveals that the JCS has recorded a total of 25 ground provocations near the MDL since 2008.
Nearly half of these incidents, 11 in total, have occurred since June last year. All 11 cases involved MDL breaches, with North Korean troops crossing into South Korean territory twice this April. The violations occurred in Yeoncheon County, Gyeonggi Province, as well as in Cheorwon, Hwacheon, Inje, and Goseong Counties in Gangwon Province.
The monthly breakdown of MDL violations is as follows: four in June 2024, one in August 2024, two in September 2024, two in October 2024, and two in April 2025. This period coincides with intensified North Korean military activities, including mine-laying operations along the frontlines.
The South Korean military has publicly disclosed only three instances of North Korean MDL violations, including the April incident. However, the JCS report suggests there may have been eight additional undisclosed provocative actions by North Korea.
Military officials explain that decisions to disclose such information are based on operational security considerations. They assess that most MDL violations by North Korean forces are likely accidental rather than planned provocations like the 2015 landmine incident. The lack of physical barriers along the MDL, with only weathered signposts marking the boundary, combined with North Korean troops’ limited use of GPS, increases the likelihood of inadvertent crossings.
Despite this assessment, security experts warn that frequent MDL violations by North Korean forces could escalate tensions and increase the risk of accidental clashes between the two Koreas. In response to these incursions, South Korean troops continue to conduct warning broadcasts and live-fire exercises as deterrence measures.