As winter transitions into spring, sudden temperature changes can weaken our immune systems. Dry weather often leads to dry mouths during this seasonal shift, creating an environment where bacteria thrive. This increases the risk of oral health issues such as gum disease, halitosis, and tooth decay.
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, affects the supporting structures of teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. It begins as gingivitis, which causes gum inflammation, and can progress to periodontitis, spreading inflammation to the alveolar bone if left untreated. While it is more common in individuals over 40, cases are rising among younger people due to stress, smoking, and poor dietary habits.
Key symptoms include swollen and reddened gums, bleeding, persistent bad breath, tooth sensitivity, receding gums, loose teeth, and discomfort while eating. In its early stages, symptoms may appear intermittently before worsening over time, making early detection and treatment essential.
Treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Early gingivitis can be managed with proper brushing and regular professional cleanings. Scaling, which removes plaque and tartar from tooth surfaces, is a primary preventive and therapeutic measure. Insurance-covered scaling is available once a year for adults 19 and older, making preventive care more accessible.
More advanced cases of periodontitis may require specialized treatments such as periodontal flap surgery, alveolar bone regeneration, or gingival mucosal surgery. If the alveolar bone is damaged, procedures involving artificial or autologous bone grafts help stimulate new bone growth. Recently, non-invasive treatments using lasers and advanced equipment have been introduced to reduce pain and recovery time.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing gum disease. Brushing within three minutes after meals, especially before bedtime, is highly recommended. Using dental floss and interdental brushes ensures thorough cleaning between teeth. Avoiding smoking and maintaining a balanced diet also contribute significantly to prevention.
Dr. Moon Mi Ri, head of dentistry at Centum Medical Foundation, emphasized the importance of prevention and early detection. Dr. Moon stated that gum disease is a chronic condition that is difficult to reverse once it progresses fully and noted that regular dental check-ups enable early detection and more straightforward treatment options.