Psoriasis, which becomes more noticeable in winter, often cycles through periods of worsening and improvement. Due to skin lesions, many patients struggle with social interactions, leading to self-consciousness. Dermatologists stress the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment for this condition.
According to the medical community, psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by distinct borders between affected and healthy skin and silvery scales on red plaques. It frequently appears in areas prone to friction, such as the scalp, knees, elbows, and buttocks. An estimated 0.5% of the South Korean population is affected by psoriasis.
Although the exact cause is unknown, immune-related factors are believed to play a crucial role. Instead of an immune deficiency, patients exhibit an imbalance where skin immunity is excessively heightened.
In individuals with psoriasis, the interaction between skin immune cells becomes dysregulated, leading to abnormal activation of T cells. These hyperactive T cells cause skin thickening and excessive scale production. Therefore, precise regulation of skin immune cells is vital for managing the condition.
Psoriasis can affect individuals of all ages but most commonly manifests in the 20s. When it begins at a younger age, it is more likely to involve a family history or follow a more severe course than cases that arise later in life.
As an inflammatory condition, psoriasis impacts the skin, joints, the cardiovascular system, and other areas of the body. Research has shown that individuals with psoriasis face significantly higher risks of joint deformities, heart attacks, strokes, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome compared to the general population.
The primary symptom of psoriasis is intense itching. Red rashes appear on the skin, covered by layers of silvery-white scales. These patches may merge, enlarge, or even cover the entire body in severe cases.
Current treatment approaches recommend systemic therapy even for limited skin involvement. Early and proactive intervention is crucial to prevent further complications such as joint damage and cardiovascular issues.
Psoriasis is diagnosed based on the skin lesions’ appearance, location, and medical history. Sometimes, a biopsy confirms the diagnosis and distinguishes psoriasis from other skin conditions.
While mild cases can often be managed with topical treatments alone, patients experiencing flare-ups or more severe symptoms may require phototherapy or oral medications. If these treatments prove ineffective, biological therapies can be considered.
Kim Hye Sung, a dermatology professor at Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, explained, “Managing itchiness alongside psoriasis treatment can significantly improve patient satisfaction and quality of life. Recent advances in biologic therapies have shown remarkable results, and early treatment can completely clear skin lesions.”
Cho Sung Jin, a Seoul National University Hospital dermatology professor, added, “Even well-controlled psoriasis can relapse or worsen due to external factors or treatment discontinuation. Maintaining proper habits, such as moisturizing, avoiding unnecessary irritation, managing stress, refraining from smoking and drinking, exercising, and following a healthy diet, is essential.”
To avoid psoriasis flare-ups, patients should refrain from smoking and drinking and avoid actions that irritate or injure the skin. Tattoos may trigger psoriasis, and aggressive scrubbing should be avoided.
Dry skin can make scales more noticeable, so regular moisturizing is recommended. A balanced diet is also advised rather than strictly restricting certain foods, though limiting carbohydrates, sugary items, and greasy foods is best.
Kim stresses, “With early treatment using biologic therapies, patients can live without noticeable skin lesions, to the point of forgetting they have psoriasis. Maintaining a consistent lifestyle and seeking timely care from a dermatologist is the answer to managing psoriasis effectively.”
Cho said, “Like other chronic diseases, managing psoriasis requires persistence and dedication. It’s essential to maintain a regular lifestyle, develop healthy habits, manage stress effectively, stay active through exercise, and avoid smoking, all while following proper treatment.”