Orthognathic surgery, often perceived as a cosmetic procedure due to the noticeable changes in appearance, is primarily performed to treat jaw joint disorders. Medical professionals emphasize the importance of precise diagnosis, preventing complications, and proper post-operative management.
According to South Korean medical experts on Wednesday, orthognathic surgery is a corrective procedure that aligns the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) jaws to address malocclusion. The ultimate goal is to harmonize the upper and lower jaws, reduce protrusion, and restore essential oral functions.
This surgery also addresses issues such as an overly protruding lower jaw, a recessed lower jaw, or facial asymmetry, which can result from congenital factors, growth patterns, or trauma.
The primary objective is to reposition both jaws for proper teeth alignment. Misaligned teeth can impair chewing and speech, while facial disharmony can negatively impact social interactions and overall quality of life.
While various orthodontic methods can treat malocclusion, cases that cannot be resolved through orthodontics alone may require jaw surgery, as determined by specialist consultation. Over the past decade, this procedure has become increasingly common in the U.S.
However, the surgery requires careful consideration due to the numerous nerve bundles surrounding the jaw joints. It involves manipulating bones connected to the teeth, which can change the jawline and oral structure. It also involves cutting and fracturing bones, but it is far from simple.
Cho Jin Yong, a professor of dentistry at Gachon University Gil Hospital, stated, “The biggest advantage of orthognathic surgery is that it improves both functionality, by aligning the teeth, and facial aesthetics. However, the potential for various complications necessitates a cautious approach.”
Patients considering orthognathic surgery should ensure that the hospital collaborates with plastic surgeons and dental specialists, particularly orthodontists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons. If orthodontic adjustments are necessary, it is advisable to verify the presence of an in-house dental specialist familiar with the surgical process.
After comprehensive diagnostics using CT scans and oral scanners, if surgery is deemed necessary, it involves cutting parts of both jaws to achieve optimal bite alignment and facial aesthetics.
The procedure includes securing cut areas with metal plates and continues until normal occlusion is restored. Although the surgery is complex, advancements such as virtual surgery using computers and 3D printing techniques have made the procedure more precise and safer.
Post-operative care is critical in orthognathic surgery. Patients may experience significant facial swelling and potential bleeding as blood flows toward the head. Maintaining a semi-upright position for the first day after surgery is essential. Recovery typically begins within two to three days, but activities like opening the mouth widely or chewing are restricted.
After about a month, patients can start moving their jaws and chewing but should still avoid strenuous eating. If needed, follow-up orthodontic treatment should be done at the original clinic. Caution is necessary, as the fixed jaw can cause dizziness, potentially leading to falls and serious complications.
Cho warned, “Immediately after surgery, reduced food intake may cause dizziness during activities or after a hot shower. Therefore, extreme caution is required in post-operative care.”
Oh Chang Hyun, director of Banobagi Plastic Surgery Clinic and a board-certified plastic surgeon, clarified, “Some people confuse orthognathic surgery with contouring surgery, but they are distinctly different. Contouring surgery focuses on reshaping the outer facial contours, such as reducing prominent cheekbones or jaw angles, to alter facial shape and size.”
Oh added, “For safe outcomes, patients planning surgery should develop a treatment plan with hospitals that collaborate closely with experienced plastic surgeons, skilled orthodontists, or oral and maxillofacial surgeons.”