Hearing loss, often dismissed as a minor inconvenience of aging, can significantly impact quality of life and increase the risk of conditions such as dementia. Experts recognize hearing loss as a growing public health concern in countries with rapidly aging populations.
The Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery reported that approximately 38% of individuals aged 65 and older experience hearing loss, which equates to two out of every five seniors. The World Health Organization (WHO) projects that by 2050, 2.5 billion people worldwide—25 % of the global population—will have some degree of hearing loss.
Dr. Jang Ji Won, a professor of otorhinolaryngology at Korea University Anam Hospital, said that while many people assume hearing loss is just a natural part of aging and neglect treatment, it is closely linked to social isolation, loneliness, cognitive decline, and dementia. He emphasized that hearing loss can significantly affect overall quality of life.
Age-related hearing loss occurs when auditory organs deteriorate over time. It results from the degeneration of numerous auditory cells in the inner ear and auditory nerves, which fail to transmit signals effectively to the brain.
Hearing loss typically affects both ears symmetrically. High-frequency sounds become harder to detect, while lower tones remain relatively clear. Individuals may be able to hear speech but struggle to understand words. Men tend to experience hearing loss at a younger age than women and often suffer more severe declines in high-frequency hearing.
The primary cause of hearing loss is aging. As people age, cells in the inner ear (cochlea) become damaged or die, and auditory nerve function weakens. Prolonged exposure to loud noise can accelerate this process. Genetic predisposition and chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension can also contribute.
Common symptoms include frequently asking others to repeat themselves and difficulty distinguishing consonants due to high-frequency hearing loss. These challenges can lead to frequent misunderstandings and communication difficulties.
While individuals with hearing loss may struggle to hear high-pitched sounds, they often retain the ability to perceive lower-frequency noises such as car engines or truck rumblings. This can create a false perception that their hearing is intact, causing many to underestimate the severity of their condition.
Dr. Jang cautioned that early symptoms of hearing loss can be subtle and easy to dismiss. Many individuals think, “I just didn’t catch that,” and ignore the signs. However, neglecting treatment can lead to rapid deterioration, increased communication difficulties, and greater social isolation.
Studies indicate that moderate hearing loss triples the risk of developing dementia, while severe hearing loss increases the risk fivefold. Without adequate auditory stimulation, cognitive function declines, heightening the likelihood of dementia.
Family members should monitor behavioral changes in older relatives and encourage early hearing tests. Although age-related hearing loss cannot be reversed, treatment options can help manage symptoms. Hearing aids are the most effective intervention.
Despite their benefits, only about half of individuals with hearing loss in Korea use hearing aids. Many avoid them due to negative experiences with older models, which amplified all sounds indiscriminately and caused discomfort.
Dr. Sunwoo Woon Sang, a professor of otorhinolaryngology at Gachon University Gil Medical Center, explained that early hearing aids amplified all sounds equally, making loud noises overwhelming. However, modern advancements allow users to hear sounds more naturally, significantly improving comfort and effectiveness.
Using hearing aids before hearing loss becomes severe helps preserve speech recognition, improves adaptation to the devices, and reduces dementia risk. Experts recommend hearing aids for individuals with moderate hearing loss, while cochlear implants may be considered for severe cases.
Dr. Sunwoo advised undergoing an annual hearing test starting in middle age. He emphasized that early detection and treatment are essential for maintaining long-term hearing health and ensuring a high quality of life in later years.