A 42-year-old university lecturer, Mr. A, noticed vocal fatigue and hoarseness after giving repeated lectures. Initially dismissing it as a cold or temporary tiredness, he sought medical attention at a local Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic when symptoms persisted for over two weeks. The diagnosis revealed vocal cord polyps – growths on the vocal cord mucosa.
Vocal cord nodules typically form symmetrically on both vocal cords, while polyps appear as a growth on one side.
Medical experts explain that vocal cord polyps result from excessive voice use damaging the fine blood vessels in the mucosa. Blood accumulates beneath the mucosa, causing swelling, which can develop into a protruding polyp if left unchecked.
Symptoms lasting over two weeks may include persistent hoarseness, coughing, difficulty speaking, and breathing discomfort. Extended voice use can lead to vocal fatigue, throat irritation, and pain while speaking.
While vocal cord nodules and polyps are pathologically similar, their causes differ. Nodules form like calluses where vocal cords repeatedly rub together.
Polyps, however, result from sudden vocal strain, such as yelling or high-pitched sounds, damaging the vocal cord’s blood vessels. They can occur even in those who don’t use their voice frequently, often following a sudden shout or severe cough.
Vocal cord polyps affect men and women equally but are less common than nodules. In South Korea, about 20,000 to 30,000 patients seek treatment annually, with the highest incidence in the 40-50 age group.
Dr. Lim Young-chang, ENT specialist at Konkuk University Hospital, notes that nodules typically form simultaneously on both vocal cords, while polyps usually start on one side. Surprisingly, recent studies show housewives, not singers, are most prone to polyps.
Dr. Baek Seung-guk from Korea University Anam Hospital adds that polyps are common among various professions, including office workers and homemakers. He stresses the importance of habit correction and voice therapy to prevent recurrence.
Treatment depends on the polyp’s size, location, symptom duration, and voice usage. Early stages respond well to anti-inflammatory medication and vocal rest. For persistent or large polyps, laryngeal microsurgery may be necessary.
This minimally invasive procedure, performed under general anesthesia, uses a laryngoscope and surgical microscope to precisely remove lesions with a laser. The surgery typically lasts under 30 minutes, with a short hospital stay.
Full recovery takes about two months. Proper post-operative care is crucial to prevent recurrence. Patients should minimize speaking for a week and avoid irritants like alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
Lifestyle management is key in preventing vocal cord polyps. Rest your voice when hoarse, avoid smoking and drinking, and refrain from whispering, which can strain the vocal cords.
Dr. Lim advises against vocal strain, recommending proper hydration and avoiding yelling or excessive throat-clearing, especially during sports events.
Dr. Baek emphasizes the importance of addressing persistent hoarseness promptly. He advises everyone, especially those who use their voice extensively, to be attentive to even slight vocal changes.
