When temperatures suddenly drop, hospitals often see a rise in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. This surge happens because blood vessels constrict and heart rates increase, which can make blood clots more likely to form. Cerebrovascular diseases, including strokes, are the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, underlining their prevalence.
Strokes, a type of cerebrovascular disease, occur when blood flow to the brain is disrupted by blocked or ruptured blood vessels, leading to tissue damage. Cerebral infarctions, 90% of all cerebrovascular diseases, happen when blood clots obstruct blood vessels. On the other hand, cerebral hemorrhages occur when blood vessels burst, causing brain abnormalities.
Atherosclerosis, a condition in which fat deposits and inflammatory cells accumulate inside artery walls, is often the leading cause of strokes. It causes the arteries to harden and is frequently associated with conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and abnormal blood lipid levels. People with high blood pressure are four to five times more likely to suffer a stroke due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Other significant risk factors include heart conditions like atrial fibrillation and valvular diseases.
While strokes are commonly linked to individuals over 55, younger adults should not consider themselves immune. Atherosclerosis can start as early as one’s 30s or 40s, gradually contributing to stroke risk as it develops over time.
Time is critical in emergencies involving cerebral infarctions or hemorrhages. The “golden hour” is the first 4.5 hours after symptoms begin. During this time, intravenous thrombolytic therapy can be administered as the first line of treatment. If a major cerebral artery is blocked, doctors may perform an intra-arterial thrombectomy.
The American Stroke Association stresses the importance of quick intervention within this golden window. Brain tissue deteriorates rapidly, and once damaged, it cannot regenerate. The affected area can continue to expand without prompt treatment.
Dr. Sarah Johnson, a neurologist and director of the Stroke Center at University Medical Center, explained that thrombolytic therapy is the most effective immediate treatment for acute cerebral infarction. She noted that clot-busting drugs can reopen blocked blood vessels and prevent further damage to brain tissue.
If you suspect a stroke, it is crucial to call 911 immediately and ask about hospitals that can administer thrombolytic therapy. Dr. Johnson emphasizes that for the best outcomes, patients should arrive at the hospital and begin treatment as quickly as possible, ideally within 4.5 hours of the onset of symptoms.
However, thrombolytic therapy is not suitable for everyone, especially those at higher risk for bleeding. In such cases, alternative treatments may be used, and patients will be closely monitored in specialized stroke units.
Dr. Johnson also mentioned that, depending on the location of the blockage and the size of the infarction, additional interventions such as intra-arterial clot removal or emergency bypass surgery may be considered in some cases.
Recognizing stroke symptoms quickly can make all the difference. Key indicators include slurred speech, facial drooping or paralysis, numb limbs, and sudden severe headaches or dizziness.
The American Stroke Association promotes the “FAST” method to identify potential strokes: face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and the Need to call 911. This simple acronym helps individuals quickly assess stroke symptoms and seek immediate help.
Dr. Johnson advises that you dress appropriately to protect yourself from sudden temperature changes. She also highlights the importance of managing underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Emphasizing preventative care, she recommends a balanced diet and regular exercise as effective ways to reduce the risk of stroke.
