Recently, several Korean celebrities have spoken about their experiences with panic disorder, increasing public awareness of the condition. Comedian Yang Se Hyung shared that he struggled with panic disorder at the peak of his career and even considered suicide. Actor Cha Tae Hyun revealed that he collapsed from a panic attack while in the United States 20 years ago.
Panic disorder commonly affects individuals with active social lives. As awareness grows, more people experiencing similar symptoms are seeking help from mental health professionals. According to the National Health Insurance Service, 200,540 people received treatment for panic disorder in 2021, a 2.5-fold increase from 79,997 cases in 2012.
Panic disorder is characterized by sudden and intense episodes of anxiety, known as panic attacks. These attacks include physical symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat, chest tightness, dizziness, cold sweats, and shortness of breath. Many individuals report a fear of dying or losing control during an episode.
Physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, palpitations, shortness of breath, and sweating usually peak within 10 minutes and subside within 20 to 30 minutes, rarely lasting more than an hour. Many individuals experiencing panic attacks call emergency services or rush to hospitals, only for their symptoms to fade upon arrival.
Panic disorder is diagnosed when panic attacks occur repeatedly and unpredictably over days or months. The fear of another attack, known as anticipatory anxiety, can become overwhelming and interfere with daily life. Many people avoid situations or locations where they previously experienced attacks, such as crowded public transportation or enclosed spaces like malls and theaters.
Dr. Yoo So Young, a psychiatrist at Seoul Boramae Hospital in Seoul, explained that anticipatory anxiety and agoraphobia can significantly disrupt daily life. She emphasized that if panic attacks persist for a month and interfere with daily functioning, a medical evaluation is necessary.
Stress is a common trigger for panic disorder and is often linked to high-pressure situations or demanding schedules. However, panic attacks can also occur during routine activities without any clear stressors. Dr. Yoo noted that while mental stress and physical exhaustion may contribute to panic attacks, they are not the only causes. Recent studies suggest that abnormalities in brain function may also play a role.
Many people fear they are losing their sanity during a panic attack, but Dr. Yoo reassured them that this is not the case. However, untreated panic disorder can lead to depression, making treatment more difficult. With appropriate care, 70-90% of patients see significant improvement and can resume normal activities.
Dr. Youn Hyun Chul from Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital explained that panic disorder is primarily diagnosed through clinical interviews with psychiatrists. Because its symptoms can resemble those of heart or lung conditions, doctors often conduct initial tests to rule out physical illnesses.
Medication is an effective treatment for panic disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), commonly prescribed as antidepressants, help manage symptoms. Since SSRIs take time to work, doctors may also prescribe fast-acting anti-anxiety medications at the beginning of treatment.
Techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation can also help manage symptoms. Dr. Yoon advised that maintaining treatment, consulting with a physician, and minimizing lifestyle disruptions are essential for effective management.
To reduce panic disorder symptoms, individuals should avoid known triggers such as excessive stress, alcohol, and caffeine. Regular physical activity, yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises can also be beneficial. Discontinuing medication without consulting a healthcare provider is not recommended, even if symptoms improve.
Dr. Yoon emphasized the importance of understanding that panic disorder is not life-threatening. Recognizing through medical evaluations that no serious physical issues exist can help ease symptoms. He recommended practicing relaxation techniques and staying calm when a panic attack begins to manage the condition effectively.
